How to make plastic
Plastic products are everywhere in modern life. From daily necessities to industrial parts, the molding process of plastics is the key to making these products. This article will introduce in detail the common methods, process flow and related data for plastic molding to help readers understand comprehensively how plastics change from raw materials to finished products.
1. Common methods of plastic forming
There are many ways to form plastics, and different processes are selected according to product needs and material characteristics. Here are several common plastic forming techniques:
| Forming method | Applicable materials | Main features |
|---|---|---|
| Injection molding | Thermoplastics (such as ABS, PP) | High precision, mass production |
| Extrusion molding | Thermoplastics (such as PVC, PE) | Continuous production of pipes and plates |
| Blow molding | Thermoplastics (such as PET, HDPE) | Production of hollow containers (such as bottles) |
| Calendering | PVC, rubber | Production of films and sheets |
| Thermal forming | Thermoplastics (such as PS, PET) | Production of thin-walled packaging products |
2. The process flow of injection molding
Injection molding is one of the most common plastic molding methods, and its process flow includes the following steps:
1.Raw material preparation: The plastic particles are dried to remove moisture.
2.Melt plasticization: The plastic is heated to a molten state in the injection molding machine.
3.Injection mold filling: The molten plastic is injected into the mold cavity at high pressure.
4.Cooling and shaping: The plastic is cooled and cured in the mold.
5.Removal and pick up parts: The molded plastic parts are ejected out of the mold.
3. Temperature and pressure parameters of plastic molding
Different plastic materials need to control temperature and pressure during the molding process. The following are the molding parameters of common plastics:
| Plastic Type | Melting temperature (℃) | Injection pressure (MPa) | Mold temperature (℃) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ABS | 200-250 | 70-100 | 40-80 |
| PP | 220-280 | 70-120 | 20-60 |
| PVC | 160-190 | 80-130 | 30-60 |
| PET | 260-290 | 80-140 | 120-140 |
4. Development trend of plastic molding
With the improvement of environmental protection requirements and technological advancement, the plastic molding industry has shown the following trends:
1.Green Material Application: The proportion of use of biodegradable plastics and recycled plastics has increased year by year.
2.Intelligent production: The injection molding machine is equipped with Internet of Things technology to achieve remote monitoring and optimization.
3.Precision forming technology: Micro injection molding and nanoforming technologies meet high precision requirements.
4.Energy saving and consumption reduction: The energy consumption of new molding equipment is reduced by more than 30%.
5. Common problems and solutions for plastic molding
During the plastic forming process, the following problems may be encountered:
| question | Possible Causes | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Warp deformation | Uneven cooling or residual stress | Optimize cooling system and adjust process parameters |
| Shrink marks | Inadequate pressure or cooling too fast | Increase pressure holding pressure and time |
| Feibian | Insufficient clamping force or mold wear | Improve mold clamping force and repair molds |
| bubble | Materials contain poor water or exhaust | Pre-dry raw materials and improve exhaust |
By understanding the principles and methods of plastic molding, we can better understand the manufacturing process of various plastic products in daily life. With the advancement of technology, the plastic molding process will be more efficient and environmentally friendly, providing more high-quality products to human society.
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